A special signaling device that registers the movement of people monitors the situation in the coverage area and automatically turns on the response chain of actions. The accuracy of work is affected by the connection diagram of the motion sensor and the area of its location. The device is mounted so that there are places where people appear in the coverage area. In a room with one entrance, the device is placed opposite the door, and in a room with several openings, the sensor is located on the ceiling.
- Basic functions of the motion sensor
- How the motion sensor works
- Device selection rules
- Connection tools and materials
- Installing the motion sensor and setting
- Connection in the apartment
- Outdoor connection
- Connection at the entrance
- Variants and schemes for connecting a motion sensor to a lamp
- Without switch
- With switch
Basic functions of the motion sensor
Detectors record changes in the external environment, so they are used in complex interaction with other modules that react to events.
Alarm activation methods:
- turning on the sound signal;
- sending messages to the user's phone;
- turning on lighting, other devices;
- change in the performance of climatic technology;
- fixing an unauthorized violation of borders.
Tracking signaling devices are installed as part of the console protection. The interaction between the nodes is configured during installation and is coordinated by the controlling device. If the user buys and installs the interacting modules himself, he takes care of the installation of the control device. Merchants give access to an account on a dedicated web portal using the program to customize notification and interaction settings.
How the motion sensor works
The sensor works by recognizing and analyzing various waveforms. The device can independently produce waves, then examines them after reflection from surrounding objects - this type is called active. The passive view receives vibrations from the outside and analyzes them. Most of the instruments are available as combined modules.
The sensors differ depending on the type of ripple used:
- tomographic (radio waves);
- infrared passive sensors;
- microwave detectors;
- photovoltaic (light is used);
- ultrasonic devices.
Each type has errors in work and occasionally gives a false alarm. The two varieties are combined in one unit to reduce the likelihood of malfunctioning such as ultrasound and infrared radiation. The complex solution reduces the sensitivity, the device may not work in case of a real danger.
Device selection rules
When choosing, take into account the characteristics:
- coverage angle;
- the sensitivity of the device;
- detection distance;
- fixed speed parameter;
- no dead zone;
- operating voltage, operating temperature range.
The detection angle is usually 90 - 120 °, 10 - 15 meters long, but there are models with a narrow but long horizontal sector. Devices notice a speed of 0.1 m / s, and too slow movement may not be recorded.The dead zone is perceived using a lens located at the bottom of the tracking module.
Connection tools and materials
Sensors of almost all models are designed for a load of 10 - 16 A. When the power of the device is more than 1 kW (current 4.5 - 5 A), another switching device is placed in the circuit. A small magnetic contactor is used when connecting the sensor to a lamp through a switchboard.
The magnitude of the inductor supply must be equal to the mains voltage. In the standard system, the coil replaces the lamp, the lighting element is connected through the main contacts of the starter.
If a modular contactor is not used, high voltage FETs are used. A pair of elements will allow the AC half-wave to pass in two courses. On the control section of the circuit there is a rectifying diode with a voltage of more than 300 V for protection against breakdown and 2 resistors connected in series.
Installing the motion sensor and setting
For wall mounting, sensors are intended that have a built-in switch. Separately purchased sensors are mounted on a horizontal or vertical fence. Ceiling mounting is often used as it covers a large area.
If the coverage radius is less than 360 °, several devices are installed. In another version, models are mounted that are combined into a chain (Master / Slave mode).
If the detector is intended for a room with only one entrance, a narrow sector will be sufficient to monitor the door. The device is adjusted to the maximum allowable illumination start interval.
For correct installation, you need to determine the area of the zone (usually under the device) where the device does not catch movement. Long-range sensors are installed in long corridors. Such devices often give a false alarm because they monitor a large area.
Connection in the apartment
The sensor starts sending a message to the owner when it detects intrusion into the dwelling. The device in the console security circuit signals the dispatcher of the security company to activate the rapid response group.
Two-wire sensors are installed in standard socket boxes. This requires the following elements:
- junction box;
- automatic machine for 220 V;
- sensor;
- lamps.
The device is connected in the same way as a one-button switch, while the phase is connected to the detector, then electricity is supplied to the lamp. The light-sensor circuit is mounted separately from the general wiring. The cable is led from the shield on the stairs to the junction box inside the apartment, all three cores are marked, ground, zero, phase are highlighted. Then there is a two-core cable to the sensor itself.
Outdoor connection
Determined with coverage area and installation site. Sensors differ in the parameters of moisture resistance and protection against negative atmospheric factors.
Protection levels:
- for open street space, devices with an IP protection index in the range of 55 - 65 are used;
- modules with the same IP 44 parameters are mounted under the canopy.
The air temperature recommended for the outdoor model is taken into account. There are many options when the devices only work down to -20 ° C, then there are malfunctions.
3 wires are started when a three-wire device is connected from the circuit breaker, to the lighting and to the sensor. The zeros are combined at one point, and the ground from the shield is connected to a similar wire on the lighting fixture.
Connection at the entrance
The detectors are installed under the ceiling so that the viewing angle is not disturbed when the doors are opened. It is not recommended to install sensors in entrances above radiators.
Zero is started from the supply cable to the lamp wire and ground is connected.The phase from the circuit breaker must be connected to the core that goes to the sensor, the second core supplies electricity to the luminaire.
Setting is performed on the front panel by turning the corresponding flags:
- number 1 - automatic work order;
- digit 2 - the sensitivity level for the time of day is selected;
- digit 3 - sets the time of switching off the device after the movement is fixed.
You can connect a motion sensor with LED and energy-saving elements, but in this case the bulbs sometimes flicker.
Variants and schemes for connecting a motion sensor to a lamp
The motion detector can change the brightness of the light, turn on or off the lighting, regardless of motion detection. The device gives a command to the controller and he turns on the light in accordance with the requirements specified by the customer. There are tumblers with built-in coordinators, such models can be installed in entrances, offices, warehouses.
Three wires of different colors are displayed on the case:
- exit - red;
- zero - blue;
- phase - brown.
From the switchboard, the control phase is connected to the load cable of the luminaire. If the wires are not connected in the junction box, the wires are led directly into the sensor body and combined at its terminal block. Null cables are twisted and tightened at the contact.
Without switch
The number of devices is not regulated. When you enter at the beginning of the corridor, the first detector is triggered and a searchlight is launched. After leaving the range of the first sensor and before entering the area of the second lamp, they continue to illuminate the space. This continues until leaving the tracking zone of all installed elements, the light goes out after a predetermined time.
Sometimes there are false positives. This happens due to the action of heat fluxes, if the element is located above the radiator or the sensor is surrounded by trees outdoors. The lighting starts up in the wind or due to a malfunction of structural components. To determine the cause, you need to seal the sensitive eye with opaque tape.
With switch
The combined electrical automation reacts to the movement of people in the controlled area. The control unit is equipped only with a sensor or a rocker switch is installed. To save electricity, the switch is equipped with a photodiode detector of the light level in the room. During the day, in sunlight, the toggle switch will not work.
The circuit of the movement device with a switch is universal, a one-button breaker must be connected in parallel:
- the supply phase is connected simultaneously to the detector and the one-key toggle switch;
- the second wire from the breaker goes to the lighting circuit (outgoing wire from the sensor).
The work of lamps begins at any time at the request of the owner of the house. The switch can be connected in series and simultaneously disconnect the entire circuit from the voltage. If you turn it on again, the light will not turn on immediately, but only after the time required for the motion sensor to scan and analyze the space in the coverage area.
