Access control and management systems are an important part of ensuring safety and comfort. A simple video intercom connection diagram allows you to install the device yourself, saving on installation work. The modular structure of the complex structure simplifies the identification and elimination of malfunctions. Repair is available with minimal skills in working with electrical appliances. However, there are questions, the answers to which must be found out even before purchasing the equipment and starting the installation.
Features of choice
Having decided to install an intercom, they study the functionality of all devices on the market and the features of their operation.
Modern models have many functions, for each additional property you will have to pay extra.
Basic capabilities of video intercoms:
- audio communication between the ringer and the main unit;
- visual display of the situation in front of the calling unit on a monitor or TV;
- door opening with programmed keys;
- remote control of locks;
- control of the situation in the area of the door on command from the main unit, i.e. use of the intercom in the video camera mode;
You can purchase equipment with which audio and video are performed on the recorder in manual control mode or on a command from a motion sensor.
In addition to saving streaming video, use the photographing function. In this case, the image quality is much better, which may be necessary when identifying an intruder who tried to break into a house, or a vandal who destroyed property.
The autoresponder function will allow you to find out the purpose of the visit of visitors who came during the absence of the hosts.
Some of the video intercoms can be used in a complex of security systems. For this, the ability to connect security sensors is used. For example, in case of burglary or unauthorized opening of the gate of a private house, the device will give an “alarm” signal and automatically turn on video and audio recording of what is happening in the area of the front door. At the same time, you can turn on the "recording" mode for all video cameras in the house.
Modern devices can transmit a signal to mobile devices - phones (tablets) over a Wi-Fi network or mobile networks of telecom operators. Also, using a mobile phone, you can control the front door lock.
When choosing, the condition of an apartment or house, the quality of the repair and the ability to conduct wires are taken into account. If the repair is completed, use products with a radio data transmission channel.
The wiring diagram for an intercom with an electromechanical lock in a private house with radio frequency signal transmission can be used when the laying of connecting wires is impossible - tiles or asphalt are laid on the way to the outdoor panel, concrete paths are poured.
When choosing wireless models, take into account that the outdoor panel will operate on batteries, which will have to be regularly removed for recharging in the cold season. More often, a spare set of elements is used.
The network construction scheme can be analog or digital. It is important to know the type of system, it depends on how to connect the video intercom in the apartment.
In the first case, the wiring for the apartments will be coordinate, i.e.a separate signal wire and one common wire for 10 apartments are connected to each subscriber. In digital networks, signals are encoded and go over one twisted pair wire.
When choosing an intercom model, the features of the object, the presence of previously installed equipment, the possibility of conducting wires, the necessary additional functions, the availability of knowledge for self-installation and configuration are taken into account.
Part of the equipment
The set of equipment for video intercom operation includes:
- outdoor panel - individual or general entrance;
- video camera built into the panel or portable;
- controller with reader - integrated into the panel or in a separate housing;
- set of electronic keys;
- Power Supply;
- electromagnetic or electromechanical lock with a controller;
- wires for switching devices.
The complete set is chosen depending on the characteristics of the house (apartment), the tasks to be solved.
Call panel
A ringing device is an obligatory component of the system, consisting of a housing, an electronic board, a microphone, a call button, and a loudspeaker. Additionally, an electronic key reader and a video camera can be built into the panel.
The version of the outdoor panel without a reader performs security functions more reliably - an attacker will not be able to open the door in any way, even by stealing or making a fake key. At the same time, the owner, having forgotten the key of the house, will not be able to get inside. Such models are suitable for multi-storey buildings when the door to the entrance can be opened by one of the neighbors.
The ability to install several panels in different places to work with one monitor allows you to combine devices at the entrance to the staircase and to the apartment - the owner can see the caller right at the door of the apartment. In addition, common entrance panels are equipped with a keypad for calling any of the apartments.
It is recommended to purchase panels and monitors from the same manufacturer. This makes it easier to understand the connection diagram, the signals of all devices are coordinated in shape, frequency, amplitude. It is always necessary to clarify the compatibility of equipment from different companies.
Reader with controller
Controllers are used to control the door locks. They can be built into a panel or lock. Sometimes they choose a control device made in a separate housing.
If the user already has electronic keys to work or another apartment (house), it makes sense to buy compatible equipment for a new intercom.
In this case, one "universal" access key is used. Please check compatibility information in advance.
Keys are divided into several classes:
- Resistive, least burglar-proof option. Recognition occurs if the value of the resistor soldered into the key corresponds to the parameter set during programming. It is easy to open the lock by enumerating standard resistors. The option is suitable for an entrance intercom and will not protect the apartment at all.
- Touch Memory is a microcircuit with a code written on it. The keys work with different signal formats, which are conventionally named: Dallas, Cyfral, Metakom, after the names of the main manufacturers. When buying, clarify compatibility.
- RFID contactless devices are divided into Proximity with a range of 10-15 cm and Vicinity with a working radius of up to 1 m. Proximity models, in turn, are subdivided into EM-Marin, HID, MIFARE formats - information will be needed to purchase spare keys if lost. The second option is not used in the standard set of intercoms, therefore, if necessary, a suitable reader is purchased.
The rest of the barbed variants - magnetic, ferrite and optical - can be found only on very old equipment; modern manufacturers do not use them.
Video camera
Video cameras built into the door station have viewing angles of up to 90 ° in the vertical plane and up to 120 ° in the horizontal plane.This is enough to see a person standing at a distance of about a meter from the door.
Integrated video sources are protected from vandals, but can be covered with a finger or any other object that will not allow you to see the visitor.
If the door with the intercom is the only obstacle to the entrance, it is better to install an additional remote camera. It can be placed at a height unattainable for impact. Removing the camera 3-5 meters from the door will allow monitoring a large area, which is important for security functions.
Choose a color or black-and-white camera based on the operating conditions. The color version is more demanding on the illumination of the shooting location - at dusk and at night, additional lighting is needed to obtain a high-quality picture. At the same time, the device allows you to accurately find out important details, such as the color of clothing. Sometimes this is required to find the intruder. Black and white backlighting models require only on moonless nights and in complete darkness. Even when the territory is illuminated by a street lamp, the image quality remains acceptable in order to recognize a visitor familiar to the owner of the house.
Prices for monochrome and color cameras differ slightly.
Display devices
The call signal from the panel is output to the central unit of the system - the monitor. It is integrated in a single housing with a control board, and a handset is also connected here. A microphone or loudspeaker can be built into a common housing with the monitor. The choice depends on personal preference.
The most widespread are video intercoms of companies:
- Commax, South Korea;
- Falcon Eye, China;
- Tantos, Canada;
- Kocom, South Korea;
- Vizit, Russia.
The assortment of each manufacturer includes equipment of different functionality, which is chosen based on the tasks set.
The screen diagonal starts from 3 inches, the optimal size is 8-10 inches.
Sometimes it is convenient to use a TV as a screen. Some models allow this connection.
Power supplies
Some parts of the video intercom system are located in an open space, where voltages up to 36V are considered safe. Based on the requirements of the governing documents, most models will require a constant voltage of 12 or 24V for operation.
Power converters can be built into the monitor unit or manufactured in a separate housing.
For trouble-free operation, it is recommended to select a redundant power supply with a rechargeable battery. This will allow you to use the video intercom during a power outage. In addition, when the network goes out, some types of locks open the doors, which is unacceptable in suburban real estate.
Locks
In combination with a video intercom, special locks are used, which can be controlled using the buttons on the central unit, or opened with electronic keys from the outdoor panel.
Electromechanical locks are similar in appearance to ordinary locks, but an electromagnetic coil is built into the case. In standby mode, the lock does not consume electricity; it is opened by moving the rod with the lock tongue, which is drawn in by the coil upon command from the controller. In the event of a power outage, opening is performed with a conventional key.
Some models of electromechanical locks are closed when voltage is applied and opens when it is removed. The mode is rarely supported by popular models of intercoms, therefore, when buying a lock, they pay attention to the principle of operation of the locking device.
Electromagnetic locks consist of an electromagnet coil and a counterpart - a metal plate. The coil is constantly energized and attracts the door to the jamb. When the controller turns off the power for a few seconds, the voltage is removed, the magnet stops working, the door opens.
Electromagnetic locks are more suitable for entrance doors, where opening will not greatly affect the safety of a single apartment.In cases where such a device is important, as a safety element, an additional redundant power supply is purchased or mechanical locking devices are installed.
Installation steps
Features of work in an apartment building
In the entrances, most often the intercom scheme with an electromagnetic lock has already been implemented.
Sequencing:
- They find out the type of wiring diagram for apartments (coordinate or digital), the model of the device and compatibility with the video intercoms on sale.
- They purchase suitable equipment, if there is such a need, they purchase an interface unit.
- Study the connection diagram for additional devices in the existing system. In some cases, interference with the existing wiring is not required.
- If it is impossible to do without opening the equipment installed in the entrance, work is coordinated with the management company or the technician of the company operating the intercom is called. It is not recommended to do the switching on your own - possible disruptions in the operation of the system can affect all residents of the entrance.
- The equipment is mounted inside the apartment, the necessary commutations are carried out.
The work ends with a check of the performance of the entire complex: a monitor, a door station, an electromagnetic lock.
Installation in a private house
Parallel laying of the signal wires of the video intercom and the 220V network is not allowed closer than 15 cm.
Algorithm of work:
- They choose the equipment they like, which, according to their capabilities, corresponds to the wishes of the owner.
- Examine the wiring diagram of the video intercom, which indicates how to connect the cables.
- Mount the internal monitor. The distance from the floor is chosen about 1.5 m - so it is more convenient to use for all family members. An additional power supply is installed if necessary.
- Mount the outdoor panel on the wall or on the fence next to the door. It is impossible to install the device on moving parts of a swing or sliding door - vibration will make the picture jump, and the fastening of the wires will gradually weaken and you will have to identify and eliminate the malfunction.
- Ground metal structures - induced and stray currents can reach values that are dangerous to the integrity of electronic circuits.
- Lay wires between the monitor and the video panel. They are buried in the ground to 0.7–1 m; to protect against damage, a PVC tube is used. On the walls, the cable is led in a corrugation.
- Mount the electric lock according to the attached instructions. The transition to the movable part of the door is done in a flexible liner, which will save the wire from breaking and clamping when closing the canvas.
- How to connect individual elements is indicated by the intercom and electric lock circuit.
If the installation of the schemes of the door station of the video intercom, monitor and lock is carried out correctly, the system should work without any additional settings.
At the last stage, using the instructions, the final adjustment is carried out. Adjust the brightness of the screen, the angles of rotation and tilt of the external camera. Take time to set the lock operation time, which can be adjusted. Achieve a smooth closing of the door and actuation of the locking mechanism.
Video intercom is a reliable and modern device that helps to ensure the comfort and safety of residents of apartment buildings and private houses. Installing the equipment is easy with your own hands. Exact observance of the instructions from the product passport will make the intercom operation trouble-free and long-term.
