The operation of a centralized heat supply system is often associated with a violation of the thermal regime and many emergencies. Therefore, many people think about individual heating of an apartment in an apartment building. But for this you need to know the rules for issuing permits, select the appropriate components for the system and perform its installation.
The advantages of individual heating in an apartment
It should be noted right away that individual autonomous heating implies responsibility for the safety of the system, as well as relatively high initial costs. But even with an approximate economic calculation, it will be more profitable than district heating services.
A professionally organized individual heating system for an apartment has one undoubted advantage - uninterrupted operation. This property ensures the proper level of heating in rooms regardless of the outside temperature. It is only important to correctly select the boiler power and install radiators on the walls in those places where the greatest heat losses are observed.
In addition to this factor, it should be noted such advantages that the scheme of individual heating of an apartment has:
- Possibility of self-regulation of temperature in rooms... This leads to lower heating costs. During the absence of residents, you can set the minimum level of water heating in the pipes. In the presence of a remote control system, the heating is activated using an SMS message;
- Reduced operating costs... To do this, you need to install individual gas heating in the apartment. The use of modern gas condensing boilers or modular burner models is recommended. Thus, the energy consumption will be optimal;
- Organization of hot water supply... Modern boilers are equipped with a secondary circuit for hot water supply. In most cases, it works autonomously. Those. even in a non-heating season, you can heat water for household needs.
However, in practice, you can face some difficulties. The transfer to individual heating must be carried out in accordance with legal grounds in compliance with all requirements. To do this, you should familiarize yourself with the stages, since you can arrange individual heating in an apartment only knowing all the subtleties and nuances.
Even in the absence of a gas main, you can disconnect from the centralized heat supply system. An alternative way to heat a dwelling will be electric individual heating in an apartment with your own hands.
Disconnection from central heating
Before starting to collect the necessary documents, you should read the law on individual heating in an apartment. The norms and procedure for switching to this type of heat supply are set out in document No. 190. Additionally, you will need to familiarize yourself with article 26 of the Housing Code.
The main task is to collect all the necessary documentation.In most cases, individual gas heating in an apartment building can only be done by obtaining permission from all residents of the building. Disconnecting one apartment from the network can lead to a malfunction in the rest of the central heating supply.
In addition, you need to know who owns the components of the system - pipes and radiators. If they relate to common house ownership, a permit document must be drawn up at a general meeting of residents. Otherwise, it is impossible to obtain permission to install individual heating in the apartment.
It is important to know that unauthorized disconnection from the common house network is strictly prohibited. This can result in a monetary fine and compensation for a system failure. How to make individual heating in an apartment building if the heating network is not a common property? Even in this case, it is necessary to obtain permission from the Management Company. In addition, the dismantling of centralized heating belongs to the category of redevelopment. This information must be entered in the registration certificate of the apartment. The exception is new buildings with individual heating.
After obtaining a preliminary permit, according to the law on individual heating in an apartment, the following documents should be prepared:
- Statement... Composed in any form. It indicates that the owner of the living space wants to make an individual heating system for the apartment, and for this it is necessary to disconnect from the central one;
- Original technical data sheet... It indicates the location of pipelines and radiators;
- Consent of those living in the house... It is only necessary if the system is in common house ownership. Without it, obtaining permits for the installation of individual autonomous heating is impossible;
- Decision on the possibility of rebuilding the apartment... Issued by the Management Company or the Housing Office. It indicates that the installation of individual gas heating in an apartment will not affect the performance of the central system of the house.
Then, after obtaining permission by the representatives of the utilities, dismantling of the district heating components is carried out. Only after the completion of this stage, you can proceed to the design of individual gas heating in an apartment building.
It is important, even before deciding on the arrangement of individual heating, to choose a boiler model, and most importantly, the type of energy carrier. Gas heating remains the best option. But from the point of view of designing individual heating in an apartment, it is the most difficult. On average, the time for obtaining a permit can take from 3 to 6 months. An alternative is the services of private specialized companies, which will take over most of the paperwork.
The data on the heating of the apartment can be found in Appendix III of the technical passport. They must be provided without fail for the installation of individual heating in an apartment building.
The procedure for registration of gas individual heating
After receiving a positive decision to disconnect from central heating, you can start collecting the rest of the documentation. To do this, you will need to issue a permit for the installation of individual heating in the apartment.
First, you need to draw up a working draft of heat supply. To do this, you should contact the company with which a contract for the supply of gas has been concluded. It is they who will determine the possibility of making individual heating in an apartment building for a building with specific technical data.
Most often, the question arises about the required pressure in the gas line. If it is not designed to ensure the operation of a gas boiler, there is a high probability of failure.In this case, you should choose an alternative scheme for individual heating of the apartment. Often this is the installation of an electric boiler or film heating.
Almost all reviews of apartments with individual heating indicate the complexity of this stage of registration. Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of an error in collecting the necessary documentation, the following data should be provided to the gas company:
- Technical passport, which indicates that the apartment has already been disconnected from the central heating supply;
- Identity documents - passport, TIN;
- Receipts for payment of services for the provision of technical conditions and the implementation of design work. They can be obtained from the gas company;
- Confirmation of payment for the adaptation of the gas system for the installation of individual heating in an apartment building;
- A copy of the boiler passport and detailed instructions for its installation.
Having received permission for the installation of heat supply and the mandatory technical conditions, you can proceed with the installation of the system. The parameters of all components must meet the required conditions. Otherwise, the commissioning of an individual heating system for an apartment will be impossible.
The gas boiler must be connected by companies that have all the necessary certificates. After that, representatives of the gas company inspect the equipment and issue a permit to activate the system.
The law on individual heat supply in an apartment clearly states that the installation of boilers with a closed combustion chamber and modern carbon monoxide removal systems is allowed for the arrangement. Failure to comply with these conditions may lead to refusal to install individual autonomous heating.
An ordinary household gas meter cannot be used to complete autonomous heating. It will need to be replaced with another model designed for boilers.
Alternative electric heating in the apartment
The easiest way to organize individual heating in an apartment with your own hands is to install electric boilers or film heat supply. To do this, you only need to complete the first step - disconnection from the central system.
First of all, you need to choose a way to heat the apartment. To do this, you can consider two options for individual heating in an apartment, made by hand. The traditional one consists in installing water heat supply, where the function of heating the coolant will be performed by an electric boiler.
This system has a number of advantages - low inertia, the ability to install modern induction or electrode boilers. They do not require the registration of individual heat supply in the apartment. Exceptions are models with a power of more than 9 kW. For their operation, a three-phase power grid of 380 V is required.
Installation of IR film heating is important for apartments with a small area. It takes up little space, and is also characterized by ease of installation. The disadvantage of this system is its low inertia. First, objects that fall into the zone of action of the film heat supply are heated. But at the same time, the installation of individual heat supply for PLEN in an apartment building can be carried out on the walls or ceiling of rooms, which practically does not take up part of the living space.
It is recommended to fulfill certain conditions before starting the installation. Unlike individual gas heating in an apartment, they are not mandatory, but experts advise adhering to them:
- Separate power cable from distribution block... This will stabilize the load on the electrical network in the house;
- Installation of RCD... In new buildings with individual electric heating, this device is installed by default;
- Installation of a two-tariff meter... If most of the time the heat supply will work the so-called grace hours, this will reduce financial costs.For individual gas heating in an apartment building, this is not relevant.
In addition to these methods, there is another way to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature level. To do this, it is necessary to make an individual heat supply in an apartment building using electric convectors. But they are characterized by high energy consumption and, as a result, an increase in the cost of paying for electricity.
To increase the heat transfer of radiators in the scheme of individual heating of an apartment, it is recommended to install a reflective film on the wall. Penofol with a foil surface is best suited for these purposes.
Installation of individual heating in the apartment
The work of autonomous heat supply largely depends on the selected components and the correctness of their installation. When obtaining permission to transfer to individual heating, you need to think over these nuances in advance.
First of all, it is necessary to select the components of the system with optimal technical and operational qualities. This applies to boilers, pipes and radiators. In the future, the choice will affect the complexity of the installation and the ability to do it yourself.
In some new buildings with individual heating, only a gas or electric boiler is installed. The owner of the apartment must do all the piping and installation of radiators on his own.
A few tips from professionals for choosing heating system components:
- Radiators... Since the work of the heat supply will be stable, without pressure surges, you can use aluminum radiators. Bimetallic ones will be required only if the probability of a water hammer is high;
- Pipes... Polypropylene mains are the best option for autonomous heating. Their installation is carried out using a special soldering iron. If you do not plan to install heat supply in the future, you can purchase the cheapest soldering iron. It is important that the set of nozzles matches the diameter of the pipes used;
- Control devices... For maximum autonomy of the system, it is recommended to install a programmer and several remote temperature sensors, including outside. After setting up the system, it will work in automatic mode, adjusting the heating power.
Installation work must be done in advance, before the onset of the heating season. If mistakes were made when drawing up a diagram or during installation, there will be time to eliminate them.
If the apartment is located on the first floor of a house, then to reduce heat losses it is necessary to insulate the floor. For this, you can use foam or mineral wool.
Reviews about individual heating in the apartment
Familiarization with reviews of apartments with individual heating will determine the relevance of the installation of this heat supply system. However, it is necessary to take into account their subjectivity and a number of individual factors inherent in a particular registration procedure:
- We have been thinking about disconnecting from central heating for a long time. However, they started to do this only last year. All documents were drawn up independently. Lucky we only have one riser in our apartment. In fact, the installation of the boiler and radiators was completed after 7 months from the beginning of the formation of the shutdown request;
- Despite the fact that we have installed individual heating in the apartment, we still have to pay for central heating. The housing office said that these are the costs of heating the vestibule, entrance, etc. Although the amounts are so scanty that they cannot be compared with standard receipts;
- Autonomous heating in an apartment is very good. But if you leave for a long time, then the rooms freeze very much. A friend advised me to install a GSM set-top box to turn on the boiler remotely. Now I am choosing the right model.
Despite a lot of paperwork, autonomous heating in an apartment is much more profitable than central heating.When registering, it is important to correctly collect the entire package of documents and familiarize yourself with the current legislative acts. The result should be an efficient and economical heat supply system.
The video describes in detail the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment:
